DIAMOND
Diamond is an allotrope of carbon generally known for its use in jewellery.
Diamond:
properties
1. Transparent, colourless, Shiny,
gleaming and has extreme brilliance
2. Hard (hardest natural substance)
3. Very heavy
4. Does not conduct electricity
5. When burned only carbon dioxide is
released and no residue is left.
6. Symbol is C
Diamond :
structure
1. Diamond crystal is a big molecule of
carbon atoms
2. Each carbon atom of a diamond crystal
is arranged in form of regular tetrahedron, this is a tetrahedral arrangement
of atoms.
Why is diamond very hard in
nature?
Diamond
crystals are made of carbon atom bonded by one another by a network of covalent
bond making it very rigid. The rigid structure of diamond makes it a hard
substance.
Why is the melting point of
diamond very high (3500o C)?
Lot of heat
energy is required to bread the strong network of covalent bondin the diamond
crystal.
Why is diamond a non
conductor of electricity?
Carbon has 4
valence electrons, in diamond all the 4 valence electrons are engaged in making
covalent bond. So, there are no free electrons left. Since there are no free
electrons so it does not conduct electricity.
Why diamond shows extreme
shine?
Diamond has
an ability to reflect and refract light due to this diamond shows brilliance.
Uses of
diamond
1. Since diamond is extremely hard, it
is used for cutting and grinding other hard matter. It is used in cutting
instrument like glass cutter and rock drilling equipment.
2. Diamond dies are used for drawing
thin wires like tungsten filament of electric bulb
3. Due to its shine it is used in jewelleries
4. Sharp edge diamond are used by eye
surgeon as tool to remove cataract
Synthetic diamond
Synthetic diamonds
are diamond formed artificially. When pure carbon is subjected to high pressure
and temperature diamond can be formed artificially.
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